The Role of Russian Anti-Cultism in Religious Repression and Justifying the Invasion of Ukraine
The emergence and development of anti-cultism in Russia have had a profound impact on the country’s religious policies and, more recently, have contributed to justifying Russia's aggression against Ukraine. The 2020 and 2023 reports of the U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom analyze this phenomenon in detail.
The Role of Alexander Dvorkin and the Anti-Cult Movement
In 1992, Alexander Dvorkin, a Russian anti-cult activist, returned to Russia with a Ph.D. in Medieval Studies and began organizing a movement against so-called "totalitarian cults." He founded the Saint Irenaeus of Lyon Information-Consultation Center (SILIC), which became the hub of the anti-cult movement in Russia, supported by the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and the government. SILIC maintains an online database on New Religious Movements (NRMs) and operates as a propaganda center against such movements.
Dvorkin's ideas influenced Russian legislation, leading to the promulgation of the 1997 Federal Law on Freedom of Conscience, which strengthened traditional religions like Orthodoxy and limited the spread of new religious movements. The law, along with the anti-cult movement, helped justify the repression of religious minorities, reinforcing the concept of national spiritual security.
The Influence of the Anti-Cult Movement in Ukraine
Since 2014, with the annexation of Crimea, Russia has exported its restrictive religious legislation to Ukraine, using it to persecute Crimean Tatars, accusing them of extremism and terrorism. Other religious minorities, such as Jehovah's Witnesses, have also faced persecution, arrests, and torture. The 2022 invasion further amplified these violations, with the Russian government damaging and destroying places of worship, arresting and killing religious leaders, and imposing strict rules against independent religious activities.
Religious Justifications for the Russian Invasion
Russian propaganda has used religious language to justify the war, demonizing minority religious groups and distorting the history of the Holocaust. High-ranking Russian officials have described the invasion as a battle against "Satanism" and the loss of traditional moral values, with Patriarch Kirill of the Russian Orthodox Church openly supporting the war.
Conclusion
The anti-cult movement in Russia, initially created to combat new religious movements, has become a tool of political repression, contributing to the justification of military aggression against Ukraine and the persecution of religious minorities.
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